Does Corporate Governance Work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 4000 words

Does Corporate Governance Work - Essay Example Karamanou and Vafeas (2005) narrow the definition of corporate governance to the task of monitoring the performance of an employee. On the other hand, increasing its extent and scope, corporate governance is described a broad based set of principles and practices through which shareholders control the directors of the company. Moreover, the â€Å"Combined Code of Corporate Governance† introduced by the London Stock Exchanges defines the purpose of corporate governance as to â€Å"facilitate efficient, effective, and entrepreneurial management that can deliver shareholder value over long term† (Boyle, p.3, 2009). Broadly corporate governance establishes rights and responsibilities of stakeholders specifying rules for decision making. It also a set of techniques that evolved over time and are put in place to control the conduct of executives both within the organization and externally (Walsh & Seward, 1990). In the traditional finance paradigm, corporate governance is res tricted to the relationship between a company and its shareholders. According to the managerial discourse, corporate governance is a codified set of normative principles that are at times immutable (Cobbaut, 2003). On the other hand, Cadbury (1997) defines strong governance as an optimisation between monitoring and performance. Corporate governance, thus, is an intangible whose effects can be perceived through its working. Corporate governance like other intangibles, for example, loves and hatred doesn’t have a concrete shape and form, but its effects are realised by the nature of its working (Plessis et al., 2005). The varied nature of working of corporate governance, and its broad scope, doesn’t allow for development of a single and comprehensive notion. The definitions of corporate governance, with their differences apart, have quite a few commonalities but none has achieved definitive status (Boyle,

Interethnic Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina Research Paper

Interethnic Conflict in Bosnia and Herzegovina - Research Paper Example The Bosniacs mainly belongs to the Islamic religion, while the Serbs belong to the Orthodox tradition. The Croats, on the other hand, are affiliated to the Roma Catholic. This has seen the three ethnic communities engage each other in one of the worst ethnic violence that took place from 1992 to 1995. The war has been regarded as the worst ethnic violence ever witnessed in Europe since the end of World War II. Latest figures indicate that an estimated 100,000 people out of the country’s 4.4 million people were mercilessly killed in the war and left thousands other injured2. The massacre received wide condemnation from the international community as the war spread throughout Bosnia. The report indicates that Srebrenica was the epicenter of this ethnic violence where an estimated 70,000 Bosniac boys and men were massacred by the Serbian forces. Due to the magnitude and the number of people who died in the war, the International Criminal Tribunal for Yugoslavia (ICTY) in The Hagu e terms the massacre an act of genocide. The report indicates that the ethnic cleansing resulted in the displacement of more than two million people. The World Bank report more than 60% houses in Bosnia and Herzegovina and more than 50% of schools were destroyed3.     Bosnia and Herzegovina are ethnically diverse states. The dominant ethnic communities in the two states include the Bosniacs, Serbs, and Croats. These ethnic communities coexisted peacefully for a very long time even though they sometimes found themselves at odds with one another or with the government. However, the peaceful coexistence ended in 1992 when civil war broke out in among the three dominant communities in Bosnia and Herzegovina4. The war began following a disagreement between the three ethnic groups on the political future of the republic just soon after the extrication of Yugoslavia in 1991. Research indicates that the Croats and Muslims voted overwhelmingly in favor of the March 1992 referendum in support of the secession from the former Yugoslavia. This led to the session of the two countries resulting in the declaration of Serbia as an independent state. A report indicates that the minority ethnic group boycotted the election and staged protest throughout the coun try. This is because they wanted Bosnia and Yugoslavia to remain one single state. The protest also resulted in an ethnic violence, which left more than 100,000 people dead, in a war, which began in 1992 and ended in 1995. Of those who died, a majority estimated at about 80,000 was Bosniacs who belong to the Islamic religion.

National Training Awards Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

National Training Awards - Essay Example Managers across the world are investing heavily on employee training so that they can help them pursue their roles more efficiently. For maximum productivity, employees need to be trained to become self aware and on how they can work as a team. They need to be trained on how they can contribute to the overall growth of the company and on problem solving (National Training Awards 2008). It is on this premise that the National training Awards (NTAs) was established. The Department for education and Science formed the NTAs in 1987. It was given the function of rewarding organisations, businesses, and individuals who have achieved a lasting success through learning and training. The British government was very keen on encouraging employers to provide decent and effective training for their employees. The National Awards merged with investors in People Training Awards to develop a strong platform for training excellence. Currently, the awards are managed by UK skills, a totally independent body. Their concept remains the same - to reward organizational successes that have been achieved through employee development. According to National Training Awards (2008), they have short listed 223 finalists in 25 industry sectors this year alone. The winners are expected to be known by November and will be awarded some national or local training awards, depending on their outstan ding achievements, either locally or nationally. Roles of NTAs in improving employee development The NTAs has continued to play some major functions in ensuring that the country's political, social, economic, and technical environment improves through employee development. As already mentioned elsewhere, it seeks to reward businesses which have achieved admirable lasting success through offering their employees an extensive training programme. First, the NTAs chief role is to provide a methodical process by which all the training practices are reviewed and their effectiveness reviewed (What are the benefits 2008). Companies should not conduct training programmes on employees for the sake of training them. There should be set targets that training programmes must achieve for them to be seen as effective. The NTAs provide companies with objective systematic processes by which such successes can be measured and rewarded. According to Ford et al. (1997), there are basic indicators that could prove if any training programme has been effective or not. These indicators include skills assessment, trainee amplitudes, and training instructional design. Such indicators can be best reviewed by the NTAs because of its professional expertise and its objectivity. Upon reviewal, companies will always be advised on the strengths and weaknesses of their training programmes, thus giving them room for improvement. Peter Cresswell, a judge at the national panel of the NTAs and an employee of Siemens Inc. has Infact blamed improper training practices on the lack of innovation that has characterized the competition for the past few years. Organizations should always strive to know what they want to gain or achieve out of undertaking a training programm

Otitis media, analyeses and evaluation the care delivered to a patient Essay

Otitis media, analyeses and evaluation the care delivered to a patient with otitis media - Essay Example Currently, decision-making processes have to be approved by the patient due to the consequences that may arise during treatments. As for otitis, the decisions have to be controlled by the doctor due to the various determinants. Additionally, the doctors use the factors to assist the patients on the decisions they can make on their treatment. Notably, previous research has simplified decision-making processes by having connection between symptoms and specific treatment methods that can be applied. Acute otitis media (AOM) – it is caused by blockages in the Eustachian tube due to poor drainage and ventilation of the inner and middle ear cavity (Rosenfeld 102). It does not take long, and its symptoms are short-term. The symptoms include increased temperature, nausea, ear ache and irritability among others. However, they may vary based on age body resistance. Chronic otitis media – it involves the entry of bacteria into the middle ear leading to infections (Bluestone and Jerome 103). The excreted fluid may cause conductive hearing loss and takes place after a period of more than three months. It is also referred to as the glue ear. Chronic suppurative otitis media – it is also referred to as the runny ear due to the presence of an opening in the eardrum. There is consistent discharge of fluids that may affect the inner bones (Bluestone and Jerome 5). This stage may lead to permanent hearing loss if treatment is not administered. Age is a factor affecting the choice of diagnostic approaches (Block and Christopher 56). Otitis media is commonly found in children below the ages of ten (Bluestone and Jerome 4). Moreover, the approach styles in children are different from those in adults. For example, an adult can explain in detailed the symptoms that he/she is undergoing; hence making it easy for the decision-making process. Children will have different diagnosis styles whereby the doctor will have to carry out tests and

Changing for Better Outcome Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Changing for Better Outcome - Essay Example As application of CASS procedure would significantly reduce VAP cases, and any nurse working in units with vent-dependent clients should support the application of this procedure. Nursing accountability to clients would mean that they are accountable for implementing this practice safely. The application of the CASS procedure requires proper staff training, and nurses who care for vent-dependent clients should attend these training courses and in-services. Moreover, when nurses are competent to perform this procedure, they should strictly follow its guidelines. The additional mechanical suctioning apparatus only takes effect when monitored on hourly basis by nurses. The tubes may be disconnected due to built up pressure or by being accidentally hit by other staff members, thus frequent monitoring is a must. The aspiration function also stops automatically when the collection bottle for secretions is full. The negative pressure of the suctioning apparatus is set at proper level accord ing to secretion status of a particular client. Following evidence-based practice would guarantee for uninterrupted application of CASS procedure. To exemplify, the following sections present a potential client for such practice, as well as an understanding of my accountability as his nurse. VAP was not new to a vent-dependent client in my unit because this 59 year old male client had VAP almost monthly, if not biweekly. This client was in a comatose state. He had a diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Reading the poem Essay Example for Free

Reading the poem Essay In his poem Slough Betjeman uses a number of ways to put across his views. The title itself suggests he feels that Slough is an appropriate title, that a poem on the place deserves no better or imaginative title than just its name because the place is dull and unimaginative also, or that Slough says it all already. The first line of the first stanza means you immediately know what he thinks, his opinion being straight to the point, asking Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough which is a good use of juxtaposition as bombs are never seen as friendly, but in this case they would be if they bombed Slough as they would be doing him a favour. Asking for bombs to fall on Slough is an outrageous, extreme demand which he repeats in the second stanza and in the final stanza to reinforce his plea, and he also uses other extreme terms such as the people have Slough having tasted Hell which shows clear dislike. He is very flippant about asking the bombs to blow Slough to smithereens as if he wants no part of it left and its a reasonable demand. Betjemans phrases such as Its not their fault that they are mad, they do not know and they often go makes it sound like he feels the people of Slough are alienated and are very different to himself, as if they were another species altogether, calling them they, disassociating them from himself, and being patronising about their lives. He also conveys his attitude of Slough by describing what he thinks of the people that live there such as the man with the double chin who will always cheat and always win and who he also refers to as a stinking cad. He is not complimentary about the people of Slough, like the wives with peroxide hair and the men who sit in bogus Tudor bars with nothing better to do. His descriptions of the people help explain why he dislikes Slough, and he is saying that it may be the people who live there that help to make it a bad place, so this is a view he has of Slough. But he also pities the people , saying its not their fault so I think he is unsure himself whether it is the people making Slough a terrible place, or Slough making the people terrible. Either way, he subtly ridicules the people of Slough and their ways of life as he feels the wives sit and paint their nails and the men talk of cars andbelch. Betjeman makes use of repetition such as the first line Come, friendly bombs and, in the second stanza Tinned fruit, tinned meat As repetition is a way of reinforcing and strengthening a statement or opinion. Making everything from the food to the minds and breath tinned makes it sound like the people of Slough are all the same and are dull and lifeless. He also uses alliteration in the form of cabbages are coming and grass to graze which help the lines to flow easily. He uses negative words clusters such as Hell, repulsive, stinking and dirty which show his view of Slough with strong words that appeal to the senses and the imagination of the reader. The tone of the poem is one of dislike, where Betjeman cares so little for Slough that he would cheerfully see it bombed and destroyed. This is a strong image because it must take extreme dislike for someone to want something bombed. The rhyme scheme of the poem also reveals his views because the pattern is AAAB so the first three lines of each stanza flow easily and quickly, and rhyme so the poem seems almost cheerful and happy. But the last line of each stanza is used to put across his point in a harsh phrase such as Theyve tasted Hell and Swarm over, Death! which brings the flowing stanza to an abrupt, harsher sounder end like death, tears, Hell and yell. The majority of the stanzas finish at the end of a sentence and this is used to make strong end statements, then the next stanza will begin again in the slightly humorous tone, ridiculing Slough. The rhythm of the first three lines of each stanza is fast and light, but the rhythm is broken by the abrupt end of each stanza which breaks up the flow to remind the reader of what Slough is like. The rhythm of the poem is also Iambic Pentameter which means that Betjeman has used this to make the stresses of each line land on important words such as bombs, blow and mess so these words are emphasised when reading the poem, and stand out so they are noticed more. Betjeman uses certain phrases to imply that Slough is a fake, manufactured place because of the air-conditioned, bright canteens, the bogus Tudor bars and the synthetic air. He seems to hate the fact that Slough is a place that has been built up with labour-saving homes and has ruined the land so much that There isnt grass to graze a cow meaning they have built over all the land and ruined the landscape. In the final stanza, he wants to bomb Slough again so that it can be turned back into a nice place again where they can grow food and make use of the land, rather than wasting it like it is being misused now. He claims the people are false and materialistic as they do not know the birdsong from the radio and darent look up and see the stars because birdsong and stars are two of the beauties of nature that the people of Slough couldnt possibly appreciate, in Betjemans opinion. Betjeman uses irony in his poem as he describes the polished oak desk belonging to the man with double chin and I think Betjeman has mentioned this because he feels that the land that was there before, has now been destroyed, with the trees all being cut down to make room for the buildings, and as if this wasnt bad enough, the trees have been used to make the desks for the people who are responsible for ruining Slough which he sees as sadly ironic. One of Betjemans key phrases is It isnt fit for humans now which is a strong statement about the state of the place but also the use of the word now at the end suggests how he feels Slough was not always like this and it has slowly been ruined over the years. In this way, I think the poem is tinged with sadness as he feels it has been ruined to the point where there is no way to solve it but to destroy it which is a very emotive, strong view. I think you can sum up Betjemans view of Slough by the line repeated at the beginning and end of the poem Come, friendly bombs, and fall on Slough.

Locus of Control Essay Example for Free

Locus of Control Essay After completing and evaluating my responses to the Locus of Control Assessment, my result was that I have an internal locus of control. An internal locus of control is when a person believes that they are generally in control of the events that affect their life. In my opinion, the assessment is right, I believe I control most of the events that happen in my life. Now, on the other end an external locus of control is when a person believes that they generally do not have control of the events that affect their life (Myers, 2012, p. 1). The two reliable sources I found that provided information on Locus of Control were www. ncrel. org and www. psych. uncc. edu. After conducting some research I have determined that there are positive and negative outcomes for both internal and external locus of control. The important thing is to keep a balance between them. Some positive internal locus of control situations are when you study hard and get an A in your test or when you enter a contest and win. In these situations you controlled the event in your life. The negative aspect of an internal locus of control is that in some cases you can’t control the events that affect your life. For example being diagnosed with colon cancer or having surgery to remove your intestine. In these situations are person with an internal locus of control may feel hopeless and blame them selves for not preventing it. When it comes to an external locus of control the positive aspect of it is that when situations arise that person will most likely attribute it to something else. For example, they would say it was luck if they won the lottery or the teacher was in a good mood if they got a C in their math class. In negative cases they will blame others for the outcome because they believe they don’t have any control over the events that happened in their life. An example would be if they don’t do their homework because their mom forgot to buy paper or if they have an accident and rear end the person in front of them and blame the other driver for stopping abruptly. In my opinion, it is better to have an internal locus of control. The reason why I believe this is because in most cases we have control over certain events that happen in our life. Having an external locus of control would give the person no sense of responsibility for their actions since they feel they do not have control over it. A person with an internal locus of control is more responsible, successful, easily motivated and always looking for improvement within them. A person with an external locus of control is less responsible, blames everyone else for their failures, is less motivated and success is something they feel will happen if others achieve it for them. Depending on the situation or the life event these two have to be balanced. If you’re a person with an internal locus of control like me and we experience a situation that is out of our hands we have to accept that and understand that not everything in life can be controlled. Some things are going to happen no matter what we do. In cases like this is when it’s good to have an external locus of control because for some people not being in control all the time and experiencing a situation that is out of their hands can be damaging for their self-esteem. When an event arises we should be able to logically look at the situation and analyze if there was anything we could have done different to solve the problem or avoided it and evaluate the decisions we made that concluded with the end result. Once you analyze the situation you can determine if changing the steps you took would have changed the end result. If it wouldn’t have changed the out come then it was out of your hands and you should see it as an external locus instead of an internal locus.