Impact of Social Determinants on Health

Impact of Social Determinants on healthSong et al (2011) studied the determine of accessible determinants of health on indisposition rates. They specified AIDS as the disease of concern and utilized data from American Community batch. They used correlation and partial(p) correlation coefficients quantify the effect of socioeconomic determinants on AIDS diagnosis rates in certain areas and found that the AIDS diagnosis rate was reciprocally related with kind, marital status and population density. Poverty, teaching level and unemployment also specialize the cause of disease in an individual.In developed and developing countries socioeconomic status proved to be an important cause of cardiovascular disease. Survey studies makeed that education was the most important socioeconomic determinant in relation to cardiovascular risk factor. Smoking was also a major cause of cardiovascular disease. Low socioeconomic status had a direct relationship with higher levels of cardiovascula r risk factors (Yu et al, 2000 Reddy et al, 2002 Jeemon Reddy, 2010 Thurston et al, 2005 Janati et al, 2011 and Lang et al, 2012).Lantz et al (1998) investigated the impact of education, income and health behaviors on the risk of dying within the next 7.5 years with longitudinal survey study. The results of cross tabulation showed that the death rate rate has a operose association with education and income.Habib et al (2012) conducted a questionnaire based survey to measure the sociable, economic, demographic and geographic ferment on the disease of bronchial asthma in Kashmir valley. After analysis in SPSS they reason that non smokers, males working in farms and females working with animals have a high incidence of bronchial Asthma. The study also showed a prodigious relationship between the age and disease.Arif and Naheed (2012) used The Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement Survey 2004-05 conducted by the federal official Bureau of Statistics to determine the socio economic, demographic, environmental and geographical factors of diarrhea morbidity among the sampled children. Their study found a relationship between diarrhea morbidity and economic factors in particular ownership of land, livestock and housing conditions. Childs gender and age, total number of children born, mothers age and education and sources of drinking water did show significant effect on the diarrhea morbidity among children.Aranha et al (2011) conducted a survey in Brazils district So Paulo, to determine the association between childrens respiratory diseases reported by parents, attendance at school, parents educational level, family income and socioeconomic status. By applying chi square test they concluded that the health of children is associated with parents higher education, particularly mothers. Family income, analyzed according to per capita income did not affect the number of reports of respiratory diseases from parents.Deolalikar and Laxminarayan (2000) used dat a from 1997 Cambodia Socioeconomic Survey to estimate the influence of socioeconomic variables on the extent of disease transmission within villages in Cambodia. They concluded that infectious diseases were the leading cause of morbidity in the country. Younger adults were little likely to get infected by others, but it increased with age. Income and the availability of a doctor had a significant effect on disease transmission.Survey studies based on different countries showed a strong association between socioeconomic factors (income, education and occupational position) and obesity. After analysis there was a significant effect of consumption of low quality food due to economic factors on increased obesity. For men, both the highest level of occupational position and general education completed were found to have a significant effect on obesity while women in the lowest income group were three times as likely to be obese as women in the highest income group (Kuntz and Lampert, 20 10 Akil and Ahmad, 2011 and Larsen et al, 2003).Yin et al (2011) used data from the 2007 China Chronic Disease Risk Factor command of 49,363 Chinese men and women aged 15-69 years to examine the association between the prevalence of self-reported physician diagnosed Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) and socioeconomic status defined by both educational level and annual household income. Multivariable logistic regression forgeing was performed. Among nonsmokers, low educational level and household income were associated with a significant higher prevalence of COPD.Siponen et al (2011) tried to study the relationship between the health of Finnish children under 12 years of age and agnate socioeconomic factors (educational level, household income and working status) by conducting population based survey. The analysis was done by using Pearsons Chi-Square tests, and logistic regression analysis with 95% confidence intervals. The results showed that parental socioeconomic fa ctors were not associated with the health of children aged under 12 years in Finland. majuscule State Department of health (2007) examined Washington adults and inferred that adults with debase incomes or less education were more likely to smoke, obessed, or ate fewer fruits and vegetables than adults with the broader culture, higher incomes and more education. In cultures where smoking was culturally inconceivable for women, women died less often from smoking-related diseases than women in groups where smoking was socially accepted. Lack of access to or inadequate use of medical services, contributed to relatively poorer health among people. In lower socioeconomic position groups health care received by the poor was inferior in quality. People of higher socioeconomic position had larger networks of social support. Low levels of social capital had been associated with higher mortality rates. People who experienced racism were more likely to have poor mental health and ulcerated lifestyles.Hosseinpoor et al (2012) took self-reported data, stratified by sex and low or middle income, from 232,056 adult participants in 48 countries, derived from the 20022004 conception wellness Survey. A Poisson regression model with a robust variance and cross tabulations were used deducing the following results. Men reported higher prevalence than women for current daily smoking and heavy occasional alcohol drinking, and women had higher growth of physical inactivity. In both sexes, low fruit and vegetable consumption were significantly higher.Braveman (2011) concluded that there was a strong relationship between income, education and health. Health was improved if income or education increased. Stressful events and circumstances followed a socioeconomic incline, decreased as income increased.Lee (1997) examined the set up of age, nativity, population size of place of residence, occupation, and household wealth on the disease and mortality experiences of trades union army recruits while in service using logistic regression. The patterns of mortality among recruits were different from the pattern of mortality among civilian populations. Wealth had a significant effect only for diseases on which nutritional influence was definite. Migration spread infectious diseases and exposed newcomers to different disease environments, which increased morbidity and mortality rate.Ghias et al (2012) studied the patients having HCV positive living in province of Punjab, Pakistan. Socio-demographic factors and risk factors were sought off using questionnaire. Logistic regression and artificial neural network methods were applied and found that patients education, patients liver disease tale, family history of hepatitis C, migration, family size, history of blood transfusion, injections history, endoscopy, general surgery, dental surgery, tattooing and minor surgery by barber were 12 main risk factors that had significant influence on HCV infection.REFERENCESSong, R. et al (2011) Identifying The Impact Of Social Determinants Of Health On Disease Rates Using Correlation Analysis Of Area-Based Summary Information earthly concern Health Reports Supplement 3, the great unwashed 126, 70-80.Yu, Z. et al (2000) Associations surrounded by Socioeconomic stipulation And Cardiovascular Risk Factors In An Urban Population In China Bulletin of the World Health Organization Volume 78, No. 11, 1296-1305.Reddy, K. et al (2002) Socioeconomic Status And The Prevalence Of Coronary amount Disease Risk Factors Asia Pacific J Clin Nutr Volume 11, No. 2, 98103.Jeemon, P. Reddy, K. (2010) Social Determinants Of Cardiovascular Disease Outcomes In Indians Indian J Med Res Volume 132, 617-622.Thurston, R. et al (2005) Is The Association Between Socioeconomic repose And Coronary Heart Disease Stronger In Women Than In Men? American journal of Epidemiology Volume 162, No. 1, 57-65.Janati, A. et al (2011) Socioeconomic Status and Coronary Heart Disease Health Prom otion Perspectives Volume 1, No. 2, 105-110.Lang, T. et al (2012) Social Determinants Of Cardiovascular Diseases Public Health Reviews Volume 33, No. 2, 601-622.Lantz, P. et al (1998) Socioeconomic Factors, Health Behaviors, and Mortality JAMA Volume 279, No. 21, 1703-1708.Habib, A. et al (2012) Socioeconomic, Demographic and Geographic Influence on Disease Activity of Bronchial Asthma in Kashmir Valley IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences (JDMS) ISSN 2279-0853, ISBN 2279-0861, Volume 2, No. 6, 04-07.Arif, A. and Naheed, R. (2012) Socio-Economic Determinants Of Diarrhoea Morbidity In Pakistan Academic Research International ISSN-L 2223-9553, ISSN 2223-9944 ISSN-L 2223-9553, ISSN 2223-9944, Volume 2, No. 1, 490-518.Aranha, M. et al (2011) Relationship Between Respiratory Tract Diseases Declared By Parents And Socioeconomic And Cultural Factors Rev Paul Pediatr Volume 29, No. 3, 352-356.Deolalikar , A. and Laxminarayan, R. (2000) Socioeconomic Determinants of Disease Transmissi on in Cambodia Resources for the next Discussion Paper, 0032.Kuntz, B. and Lampert, T. (2010) Socioeconomic Factors and Obesity Deutsches rzteblatt International Volume 107, No. 30, 517-22.Akil, L. and Ahmad, H. (2011) Effects Of Socioeconomic Factors On Obesity Rates In Four Southern States And atomic number 27 Ethnicity Disease Volume 21, 58-62.Larsen, P. et al (2003) The Relationship of Ethnicity, Socioeconomic Factors, and Overweight in U.S.AdolescentsOBESITY RESEARCH Volume 11, No.1, 121-129.Yin, P. et al (2011) Prevalence Of COPD And Its Association With Socioeconomic Status In China Findings From China Chronic Disease Risk Factor Surveillance 2007 BMC Public Health Volume 11, 586-593.Siponen, M. et al (2011) Childrens Health And enate Socioeconomic Factors A Population-Based Survey In Finland BMC Public Health Volume 11, 457-464.Washington State Department of Health (2007) Social and Economic Determinants of Health The Health of Washington State Volume 1, No. 3, 01-07.Ho sseinpoor, A. et al (2012) Socioeconomic inequalities in risk factors for noncommunicable diseases in low-income and middle income countries results from the World Health Survey BMC Public Health Volume 12, 912-924.Braveman, P. (2011) Accumulating Knowledge on the Social Determinants of Health and Infectious Disease Public Health Reports Supplement 3, Volume 126, 28-30.Lee, C. (1997) Socioeconomic Background, Disease, and Mortality among Union Army Recruits Implications for Economic and Demographic History Explorations in Economic History Volume 34, 27-55.Ghias, M. et al (2012) Statistical Modelling and Analysis of Risk Factors for Hepatitis C transmission system in Punjab, Pakistan World Applied Sciences Journal Volume 20, No. 2, 241-252.